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Systematic review for geo-authentic Lonicerae Japonicae Flos

null

《医学前沿（英文）》 2017年第11卷第2期页码 203-213 doi: 10.1007/s11684-017-0504-0

摘要：

In traditional Chinese medicine, Lonicerae Japonicae Flos is commonly used as anti-inflammatory, antiviral, and antipyretic herbal medicine, and geo-authentic herbs are believed to present the highest quality among all samples from different regions. To discuss the current situation and trend of geo-authentic Lonicerae Japonicae Flos, we searched Chinese Biomedicine Literature Database, Chinese Journal Full-text Database, Chinese Scientific Journal Full-text Database, Cochrane Central Register of Controlled Trials, Wanfang, and PubMed. We investigated all studies up to November 2015 pertaining to quality assessment, discrimination, pharmacological effects, planting or processing, or ecological system of geo-authentic Lonicerae Japonicae Flos. Sixty-five studies mainly discussing about chemical fingerprint, component analysis, planting and processing, discrimination between varieties, ecological system, pharmacological effects, and safety were systematically reviewed. By analyzing these studies, we found that the key points of geo-authentic Lonicerae Japonicae Flos research were quality and application. Further studies should focus on improving the quality by selecting the more superior of all varieties and evaluating clinical effectiveness.

关键词： Lonicerae Japonicae Flos geo-authentic herbal quality chemical fingerprint component analysis

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负载均衡的分布式指纹识别系统 Article

Yun-xiang ZHAO,Wan-xin ZHANG,Dong-sheng LI,Zhen HUANG,Min-ne LI,Xi-cheng LU

《信息与电子工程前沿（英文）》 2016年第17卷第8期页码 766-780 doi: 10.1631/FITEE.1500487

摘要：指纹的唯一性和不变性使得它在各类生物识别系统中得到了广泛的应用。随着指纹识别技术的发展，大规模的指纹存储和系统高并发的需求给指纹识别系统带来了新的挑战。面对这种挑战，我们设计并实现了一个负载均衡的分布式指纹识别系统，它包括分布式指纹特征提取子系统和分布式指纹特征存储子系统两部分。在指纹特征提取的过程中，特征提取与Hadoop图片处理接口（HIPI）的结合使得特征提取的效率得到大幅度提升；特征存储子系统对MongoDB默认的负载均衡策略进行了优化，使得鲁棒性得到了明显提高。相关的试验和模拟表明，相比于Hadoop默认的小文件处理机制，我们的系统可以在指纹特征提取的过程中减少约70%的处理时间；优化后的MongoDB负载均衡策略可以将分布式MongoDB系统的前端mongos负载差距控制在5%以下，基于操作负载（增、删、改、查）的后端数据存储负载均衡策略将由数据迁移带来的时间开销降低了约40%。

关键词：分布式指纹识别系统；分布式MongoDB；负载均衡

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基于深度学习紧致二进制编码的指纹索引 None

Chao-chao BAI, Wei-qiang WANG, Tong ZHAO, Ru-xin WANG, Ming-qiang LI

《信息与电子工程前沿（英文）》 2018年第19卷第9期页码 1112-1123 doi: 10.1631/FITEE.1700420

摘要：随着指纹数据库迅速发展，有必要开发一种卓越的指纹索引方法满足系统高效性和准确性要求。实值特征的指纹索引已进行广泛研究，但二进制编码特征的研究相对较少，并且二进制编码特征更适合大规模指纹数据库的高效检索。首先，提出高效的有区分度的深度紧致二进制细节点圆柱体编码（deep compact binary minutia cylinder code，DCBMCC）作为指纹索引特征。具体分析了最新细节点圆柱体编码（minutia cylinder code，MCC），并发现其缺点。提出一种新颖的深度神经网络学习指纹索引特征DCBMCC，设置网络倒数第二层直接输出为二进制编码。将独立性、平衡性、量化损失最小和相似性保持等重要属性结合在学习过程中。最后，设计了基于多索引哈希（multi-index hashing，MIH）的指纹索引模式，从而在汉明空间中进行高效精确的搜索。此外，许多公开数据库上的实验表明，本文提出的方法是一个卓越的指纹索引方法，在穿透率非常低的情况下仍然具有非常小的错误率。

关键词：指纹索引；细节点圆柱体编码；深度神经网络；多索引哈希

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基于核空间投影和联合表征的跳频信号辐射源指纹特征识别 Research Articles

Ping SUI, Ying GUO, Kun-feng ZHANG, Hong-guang LI

《信息与电子工程前沿（英文）》 2019年第20卷第8期页码 1133-1146 doi: 10.1631/FITEE.1800025

摘要：跳频作为扩频通信的一种常用技术，以其截获概率低、抗干扰能力强和保密性好等优点，在雷达和通信系统中得到广泛应用。然而，非合作条件下的跳频信号辐射源识别作为一大难题，不仅由于其对噪声影响敏感，信号的非线性、非高斯性和非平稳性使得很难在其原始信号空间实现跳频信号分类识别。现有的一些分类识别算法，如稀疏表征分类算法（SRC），仅使用单个信号样本而非整体样本表征测试数据，过分强调稀疏特性而忽略信号样本之间的相关性。为解决上述问题，本文提出一种基于核空间投影和联合表征的跳频信号辐射源指纹特征识别方法。该方法将核空间投影、相关特性表征以及个体分类学习融合到同一个联合表征框架，通过该框架实现辐射源信号分类识别。实际跳频信号的大量实验表明，与几种最先进的识别方法相比，所提算法具有可行性和有效性。

关键词：跳频信号；指纹特征；核函数；联合表征；辐射源识别

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指纹光谱特征揭示叶斑病时空动态发展以实现显症前诊断 Article

朱逢乐, 苏珍珠, Alireza Sanaeifar, Anand Babu Perumal, Mostafa Gouda, 周瑞清, 李晓丽, 何勇

《工程（英文）》 2023年第22卷第3期页码 171-184 doi: 10.1016/j.eng.2022.10.006

摘要：

植物病原菌不断危害农业生产和粮食安全。因此，病害发展早期的动态表征对病变监测和显症前诊断至关重要。高光谱成像（HSI）在跟踪病害初始侵染部位的动态进程以进行显症前诊断方面具有巨大潜力。然而，目前尚无相关文献提取出早期感染阶段活体叶片病变组织的指纹光谱特征（FSS），也没有探究HSI的检测机制。FSS是指能够表征特定植物病害的独特、有代表性的光谱特征。在本研究中，基于时序HSI数据分析，提取了接种麦根平脐蠕孢菌（Bipolaris sorokiniana）的大麦叶片的FSS，以表征叶斑病症状发展，实现显症前诊断。还研究了叶斑病早期发展阶段叶片的光谱和生化响应。本文所提取的全波段FSS能够捕捉病变发展过程中褪绿组织和坏死组织的独特特征，从而原位可视化植物-病原菌像素级的早期互作动态进程。进一步，实现了接种后24 h 叶斑病的显症前诊断，比传统的聚合酶链式反应（PCR）测定或生化测定提前了12 h。为了揭示HSI 显症前诊断的机制，还建立了叶片的平均光谱响应与其生化指标（叶绿素、类胡萝卜素、丙二醛、抗坏血酸和还原型谷胱甘肽）之间的定量关系，回归模型在预测集的决定系数（R_p²）均高于0.84。总体结果表明，HSI反映了活体植物特性的变化，所提取的FSS可成功跟踪叶斑病发生发展的时空动态进程，实现显症前诊断。在其他植物病害上的试验表明，该方法在植物病害早期控制方面具有较大的推广潜力。

关键词：高光谱成像指纹光谱特征叶斑病叶片病斑进展显症前诊断生化指标

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Special issue on “Green chemical process and intensification”

《化学科学与工程前沿（英文）》 2022年第16卷第11期页码 1533-1535 doi: 10.1007/s11705-022-2263-y

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Special Issue for the Future Chemical Engineering Scholars of Global Chinese Chemical Engineering Symposium

《化学科学与工程前沿（英文）》 2022年第16卷第6期页码 775-776 doi: 10.1007/s11705-022-2172-0

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Insight of chemical environmental risk and its management from the vinyl chloride accident

《环境科学与工程前沿（英文）》 2023年第17卷第4期 doi: 10.1007/s11783-023-1652-x

摘要： The combustion of vinyl chloride (VC) after the train derailment accident in Ohio, USA in February, 2023 has caused widespread concern around the world. This paper tried to analyze several issues concerning the accident, including the appropriateness of the VC combustion in the emergency response in this accident, the meanings of so-called “controlled combustion”, the potential environmental risks caused by VC and combustion by-products, and follow-up work. In our view, this accident had surely caused environmental and health risks to some extent. Hence, a comprehensive environmental risk assessment is necessary, and then the site with risk should be comprehensively remediated, hazardous waste should be harmlessly treated as soon as possible. Finally, this accident suggests that further efforts should be taken to bridge the gap between chemical safety management and their environmental risk management.

关键词： Vinyl chloride Combustion Chemical safety management Environmental risk Emerging contaminants

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Effects of sulfur on variations in the chemical speciation of heavy metals from fly ash glass

《环境科学与工程前沿（英文）》 2023年第17卷第10期 doi: 10.1007/s11783-023-1728-7

摘要：

● A higher sulfur content reduced the curing rate of Cr in glass.

关键词： Dechlorinated fly ash SO₃ Heavy metal Chemical speciation Glass solidification

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我国林产化学工业发展的新动向

宋湛谦

《中国工程科学》 2001年第3卷第2期页码 1-6

摘要：

林产化学工业是将可再生的森林资源经过化学加工生产出各种有用的产品。它是森林资源高效可持续利用的一个重要组成部分。文章介绍我国林产化学工业的现状，并指出今后发展方向，即加强创新研究，开发深加工产品；推进林产化工企业向大型化发展；发展木材制浆造纸和开发木质能源。

关键词：林产化学工业森林资源化学加工

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Bioinspired and biomimetic membranes for water purification and chemical separation: A review

《环境科学与工程前沿（英文）》 2021年第15卷第6期 doi: 10.1007/s11783-021-1412-8

摘要：

•The history of biological and artificial water channels is reviewed.

关键词： Aquaporins Artificial water channels Biomimetic membranes Chemical separation and water purification

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Chemical transdifferentiation: closer to regenerative medicine

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《医学前沿（英文）》 2016年第10卷第2期页码 152-165 doi: 10.1007/s11684-016-0445-z

摘要：

Cell transdifferentiation, which directly switches one type of differentiated cells into another cell type, is more advantageous than cell reprogramming to generate pluripotent cells and differentiate them into functional cells. This process is crucial in regenerative medicine. However, the cell-converting strategies, which mainly depend on the virus-mediated expression of exogenous genes, have clinical safety concerns. Small molecules with compelling advantages are a potential alternative in manipulating cell fate conversion. In this review, we briefly retrospect the nature of cell transdifferentiation and summarize the current developments in the research of small molecules in promoting cell conversion. Particularly, we focus on the complete chemical compound-induced cell transdifferentiation, which is closer to the clinical translation in cell therapy. Despite these achievements, the mechanisms underpinning chemical transdifferentiation remain largely unknown. More importantly, identifying drugs that induce resident cell conversion in vivo to repair damaged tissue remains to be the end-goal in current regenerative medicine.

关键词： cell therapy cell transdifferentiation chemical compounds small molecules tissue regeneration

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Computational design of structured chemical products

Faheem Mushtaq, Xiang Zhang, Ka Y. Fung, Ka M. Ng

《化学科学与工程前沿（英文）》 2021年第15卷第5期页码 1033-1049 doi: 10.1007/s11705-020-2002-1

摘要： In chemical product design, the aim is to formulate a product with desired performance. Ingredients and internal product structure are two key drivers of product performance with direct impact on the mechanical, electrical, and thermal properties. Thus, there is a keen interest in elucidating the dependence of product performance on ingredients, structure, and the manufacturing process to form the structure. Design of product structure, particularly microstructure, is an intrinsically complex problem that involves different phases of different physicochemical properties, mass fraction, morphology, size distribution, and interconnectivity. Recently, computational methods have emerged that assist systematic microstructure quantification and prediction. The objective of this paper is to review these computational methods and to show how these methods as well as other developments in product design can work seamlessly in a proposed performance, ingredients, structure, and manufacturing process framework for the design of structured chemical products. It begins with the desired target properties and key ingredients. This is followed by computation for microstructure and then selection of processing steps to realize this microstructure. The framework is illustrated with the design of nanodielectric and die attach adhesive products.

关键词： product design performance ingredients structure manufacturing process framework structured chemical products microstructure design

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Hexachlorobutadiene emissions from typical chemical plants

Minxiang Wang, Lili Yang, Xiaoyun Liu, Zheng Wang, Guorui Liu, Minghui Zheng

《环境科学与工程前沿（英文）》 2021年第15卷第4期 doi: 10.1007/s11783-020-1352-8

摘要： Abstract • Unintentional HCBD production in typical chemical plants was investigated. • The highest HCBD concentrations were found in the bottom residue. • Tri/tetrachloroethylene production processes were important HCBD sources. Hexachlorobutadiene (HCBD) was classed as a persistent organic pollutant under the Stockholm Convention in 2015. HCBD is mainly an unintentionally produced by-product of chlorinated hydrocarbon (e.g., trichloroethylene and tetrachloroethylene) synthesis. Few studies of HCBD formation during chemical production processes have been performed, so HCBD emissions from these potentially important sources are not understood. In this study, HCBD concentrations in raw materials, intermediate products, products, and bottom residues from chemical plants producing chlorobenzene, trichloroethylene, and tetrachloroethylene were determined. The results indicated that HCBD is unintentionally produced at much higher concentrations in trichloroethylene and tetrachloroethylene plants than chlorobenzene plants. The sum of the HCBD concentrations in the samples from all of the trichloroethylene and tetrachloroethylene production stages in plant PC was 247000 mg/mL, about three orders of magnitude higher than the concentrations in the tetrachloroethylene production samples (plant PB) and about six orders of magnitude higher than the concentrations in the chlorobenzene production samples (plant PA). The HCBD concentrations were highest in bottom residues from all of the plants. The concentrations in the bottom residue samples contributed 24%–99% of the total HCBD formed in the chemical production plants. The bottom residue, being hazardous waste, could be disposed of by incineration. The HCBD concentrations were much higher in intermediate products than raw materials, indicating that HCBD formed during production of the intended chemicals. The results indicate the concentrations of HCBD unintentionally produced in typical chemical plants and will be useful in developing protocols for controlling HCBD emissions to meet the Stockholm Convention requirements.

关键词： Hexachlorobutadiene Chemical plant Chlorobenzene Trichloroethylene Tetrachloroethylene

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Opportunities and challenges for a Golden Age of chemical engineering

Phillip R. WESTMORELAND

《化学科学与工程前沿（英文）》 2014年第8卷第1期页码 1-7 doi: 10.1007/s11705-014-1416-z

摘要： Chemical engineering is entering a new Golden Age of practice, thought, and impact, accompanied by great new opportunities and challenges. Five aspects mark this development: a new abundance of hydrocarbons; the evolution of biology into a molecular science; the ubiquity of powerful computational tools; the trend in manufacturing to be more process-oriented; and the systems approach that is part of ChE education from its first stages. There are important technical challenges, including technology creation and environmental impact, but just as important are new appreciation for and attention to challenges that require societal dialogues about complexity, uncertainty, and evolving and sometimes contradictory requirements. Crucial to all these impacts is enhancing the identity of what the profession is. That must be based on recognizing that the core of chemical engineering is applying molecular sciences to create value and advance the quality of life.

关键词： hydrocarbons biotechnology computation cyberinfrastructure manufacturing environmental